’kkjhfjd f’k{kk vkSj [ksy foKku

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dqylfpo nso laLd`fr fo’ofo|ky; lkadjk] nqxZ N-x-

*Corresponding Author E-mail:

ABSTRACT:

izLrqr v/;;u ’kkjhfjd f’k{kk vkSj [ksy fl)kar ij vk/kkfjr gS vkSj f}rh;d vkadM+ks ls fy;k x;k gSA bl dk;ZØe esa Nk=ksa dks lekt ds lnL;ksa ds lkeus vkus okyh LokLF;] 'kkjhfjd fQVusl vkSj ldkjkRed thou'kSyh laca/kh pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk fl[kk;k tk,xkA dbZ [ksyksa esa çf'kf{kr gksus ds vykok] dk;ZØe esa cqfu;knh vkSj lac) [ksy foKku ikBîØeksa dh vfuok;Z f'k{kk 'kkfey gSA dk;ZØe esa varfuZfgr vuqla/kku rRo Nk=ksa dks MsVk laxzg rduhd] ewY;kadu vkSj ifj.kkeksa dh O;k[;k lh[kus esa enn djrk gSA blls Nk= tkap ds lacaf/kr {ks= esa vko';d QhMcSd nsus esa l{ke gksaxsA Nk=ksa dks lekt esa Kku dks ykxw djus ls lh/ks lacaf/kr dkS'ky o`f) ikBîØe esa fofHkUu fodYi çnku fd, tkrs gSaA ;g ikBîØe fofHkUu Lrjksa ij 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk vkSj [ksy foKku esa lHkh çdkj ds f'k{kd çf'k{k.k ikBîØeksa ds fy, ,d etcwr vk/kkj rS;kj djrk gSA chih,M dkslZ D;k gS\ chih,M ftls cSpyj v‚Q fQftdy ,tqds'ku Hkh dgk tkrk gS] fQftdy ,tqds'ku ds {ks= esa ,d yksdfç; dkslZ gS tks mEehnokjksa dks [ksy vkSj iks"k.k esa dfj;j cukus ds fy, rS;kj djrk gSA ;g dkslZ mu mEehnokjksa ds fy, cuk;k x;k gS tks [ksy] [ksy vkSj fQVusl esa #fp j[krs gSaA cSpyj v‚Q fQftdy ,tqds'ku ,aM LiksVZ lkbal ¼chihbZ,l½ LokLF; vkSj fof'k"V [ksyksa ds 'kkjhfjd] tSfod] iks"k.k vkSj euksoSKkfud igyqvksa ls lacaf/kr rhu lky dk ,d Lukrd 'kS{kf.kd dk;ZØe gSA

KEYWORDS: ’kkjhfjd f’k{kk] [ksy] foKku] dfj;j

INTRODUCTION:

cSpyj v‚Q fQftdy ,tqds'ku ,aM LiksVZ lkbal ¼chihbZ,l½ iqjL—r vkSj larks"ktud dfj;j ds }kj [kksyrk gSA D;k vki [ksy ds çfr tquwuh gSa\ D;k vki fQVusl ds çfr mRlkgh gSa vkSj [ksy vkSj fQVusl esa viuk dfj;j cukuk pkgrs gSa\ rks fQj ;s iksLV vkids fy, gS- fiNys ,d n'kd esa] fo'ks"k :i ls fnYyh] Hkkjr esa d‚eu osYFk xse 2010 ds ckn] vkSj vksyafid vkSj ,f'k;kbZ [ksy tSls fo'kky [ksy vk;kstuksa esa Hkkjrh; ,FkyhVksa ds csgrj çn'kZu us ns'k esa [ksy laL—fr dh xfr'khyrk dks cny fn;k gSA vc [ksy esa dkQh laHkkouk,a gSa- cSpyj v‚Q fQftdy ,tqds'ku ,aM LiksVZ lkbal ¼chihbZ,l½ ,d vijaijkxr f'k{kk dk;ZØe gS tks [ksy vkSj fQVusl esa iqjL—r vkSj larks"ktud dfj;j ds }kj [kksyrk gSA cSpyj v‚Q fQftdy ,tqds'ku ,aM LiksVZ lkbal ¼chihbZ,l½ LokLF; vkSj fof'k"V [ksyksa ds 'kkjhfjd] tSfod] iks"k.k vkSj euksoSKkfud igyqvksa ls lacaf/kr rhu lky dk ,d Lukrd 'kS{kf.kd dk;ZØe gSA ;g ikBîØe Nk=ksa dks fofHkUu [ksyksa] lkaf[;dh; dkS'ky] [ksy dh loksZPp le> ls ySl djrk gSA euksfoKku] vkSj mEehnokjksa ds fQVusl Lrj dks c<+krk gSA cSpyj v‚Q fQftdy ,tqds'ku ,aM LiksVZ lkbal ¼chihbZ,l½ dkslZ djus okys Nk= 'kSf{kd euksfoKku] ekxZn'kZu vkSj ijke'kZ] [ksy euksfoKku] 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk esa f'k{k.k i)fr] [ksy çca/ku] [ksy lfgr fofHkUu lS)kafrd vkSj O;kogkfjd fo"k;ksa dk v/;;u djrs gSaA foKku] vuqç;qä daI;wVj f'k{kk] vkSj 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk esa lkaf[;dh] LokLF; f'k{kk] [ksy dk lekt'kkL=] eki vkSj ewY;kadu] dkbfUl;ksy‚th] vkSj ck;kseSdsfuDl] vkfnA

vc ftl rjg ls Hkkjr jk"Vªh; vkSj varjjk"Vªh; [ksy txr esa viuh ldkjkRed Nfo cuk jgk gS] Hkfo"; esa bl {ks= esa voljksa dh dksbZ deh ugha gksxhA cSpyj v‚Q fQftdy ,tqds'ku ,aM LiksVZ lkbal ¼chihbZ,l½ dkslZ iwjk djus ds ckn] mEehnokj 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk çf'k{kd] is'ksoj f[kykM+h] [ksy ç'kklu] [ksy i=dkj] [ksy QksVks tuZfyLV] vaik;j@jsQjh] çf'k{kd@çf'k{kd@dksp vkfn tSls jkstxkj ds volj ik ldrs gSaA cSpyj v‚Q fQftdy ,tqds'ku ,aM LiksVZ~l lkbal ¼chihbZ,l½ D;ksa pqusa\ bl {ks= esa vHkh Hkh dM+h çfrLi/kkZ ugha gS] ftlls mEehnokjksa dks vPNs volj pquus dk i;kZIr ekSdk feyrk gSA futh vkSj ljdkjh laLFkkuksa esa 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk f'k{kdksa] çf'k{kdksa vkSj vuqns'kdksa dh dkQh ekax gSA ,d 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk f'k{kd [ksy dh nqfu;k esa viuh vuwBh Nfo cuk ldrk gSAlcls vPNh ckr ;g gS fd ;g dkslZ vkids fQVusl Lrj dks b"Vre cuk, j[ksxkA vDlj dsaæ ljdkj vkSj jkT; ljdkjsa es/kkoh f[kykfM+;ksa dks lewg ^lh^ vkSj ^Mh^ inksa ij lh/ks HkrhZ djrh gSa] ;fn os visf{kr 'kS{kf.kd ;ksX;rk,a iwjh djrs gksaA jk"Vªh;—r cSad] lkoZtfud {ks= ds miØe vkSj dqN futh lewg Hkh mR—"V f[kykfM+;ksa dh HkrhZ djrs gSaA cSpyj v‚Q fQftdy ,tqds'ku ,aM LiksVZ~l lkbal ¼chihbZ,l½ ds fy, ik=rk ekunaM\ ftu Nk=ksa us fdlh Hkh ekU;rk çkIr fo'ofo|ky;@d‚yst ls 50% vadksa ds lkFk fdlh Hkh LVªhe esa 10+2 iwjk dj fy;k gS] os cSpyj v‚Q fQftdy ,tqds'ku ,aM LiksVZ~l lkbal esa ços'k ds fy, ik= gSaA

cSpyj v‚Q fQftdy ,tqds'ku ,aM LiksVZ~l lkbal dk dfj;j Ldksi%

dkslZ iwjk djus ds ckn O;fä Ldwyksa vkSj d‚ystksa esa 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk çf'k{kd ds :i esa dfj;j cuk ldrk gSA

'kkjhfjd f'k{kk vkSj [ksy foKku esa fMxzh iwjh djus ds ckn] dksbZ O;fä [ksy i=dkj] desaVsVj] [ksy vkSj vodk'k Dyc çca/kd ds :i esa viuk dfj;j cuk ldrk gSA

mPp v/;;u dk Hkh fodYi gS] {ks= esa mR—"Vrk çkIr djus vkSj 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk f'k{kd ds :i esa dfj;j cukus ds fy,] O;fä mlh fo"k; esa ekLVj fMxzh gkfly dj ldrk gSA

mís'; %&

dk;ZØe dk mís'; 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk vkSj [ksy foKku esa fodflr v/;;uksa ds lanHkZ esa 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk vkSj [ksy foKku ds fl)kar vkSj vH;kl dks vkxs c<+kuk gS] rkfd fofHkUu çdkj ds ços'k esa l{ke & l{ke O;fä;ksa dk mRiknu djus ds fy, 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk vkSj [ksy foKku esa f'k{k.k vkSj vuqla/kku çnku fd;k tk ldsA f'k{k.k vkSj dksfpax ds vykok okgd vkSj 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk vkSj [ksy foKku vkSj lac) fo"k;ksa ds var%fo"k; v/;;u ds fy, vf}rh; volj çnku djukA vf/kd fo'ks"k :i ls] ch-,M- PESS dk;ZØe dk y{; gS%

Nk=ksa dks dkbfUl;ksy‚th] vodk'k vkSj [ksy esa oSKkfud fl)karksa vkSj çFkkvksa dh ,d foLr`r J`a[kyk dh xgu le> ls ySl djsaA

euksjatd vkSj çfrLi/khZ Lrjksa ij 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk vkSj [ksy esa Nk=ksa dh Hkkxhnkjh dks lqfo/kktud cukukA Nk=ksa dks fl)kar dks vH;kl esa vuqokn djus] vkSj 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk] vodk'k vkSj [ksy esa vuqla/kku v/;;u vkSj O;kogkfjd QhYModZ vk;ksftr djus vkSj 'kkjhfjd xfrfof/k;ksa esa lexz vkSj vkthou f'k{kk ds mPp xq.koÙkk okys çko/kku dks c<+kus ds fy, lgh rjhds çnku djsaA 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk ls tqM+s lHkh yksxksa ds fy, lqyHk vkSj yphys O;kolkf;d volj cuk,¡A Nk=ksa dks fo}rkiw.kZ iwNrkN] mRiknd ckrphr vkSj Kku ds çHkkoh çlkj dk ykHk mBk,aA 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk vkSj [ksy esa mPp ;ksX; dkfeZd rS;kj djsaA Nk=ksa dks 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk] [ksy] vodk'k vkSj euksjatu çca/ku esa gky ds fodkl ds ckjs esa lwfpr djsaA 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk] [ksy] vodk'k vkSj euksjatu çca/ku esa Nk=ksa ds dkS'ky] n{krk]     –f"Vdks.k vkSj Kku dk fodkl djukA fo'ofo|ky; leqnk; ds fy, [ksy esa [ksy Hkkxhnkjh dks çcaf/kr vkSj c<+kok nsukA nkj ,l lyke fo'ofo|ky; dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, [ksyksa dk mi;ksx djukA

fu"d"kZ %&

bldk y{; gekjh 'kkjhfjd {kerk dks lcls vf/kd djuk gS] ftlls ge thou ds lHkh {ks=ksa esa LoLFk] Kkuoku] dq'ky] mRiknd] mRiknd vkSj ykseg"kZd cu ldsa A bl çdkj] 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk dk y{; O;fä ds laiw.kZ thou Lrj vkSj laiw.kZ fodkl ds lkFk [ksy esa vafre çn'kZu djuk gSA –"Vkar dh ,d fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj ^^çR;sd O;fä dks 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk vkSj [ksy ds y{; dk ewy vf/kdkj gksuk pkfg, tks mlds O;fäRo ds iw.kZ fodkl ds fy, vko';d gSA^^ :l ds vuqlkj ^^'kkjhfjd f'k{kk 'kjhj dk ,d etcwr <kapk gS tks efLr"d ds dk;Z dks fuf'pr vkSj vklku cukrk gSA ^^,d dksp ;k 'kkjhfjd f'k{kd }kjk [ksy eukso`fÙk] vius f[kykM+h dk O;ogkj] f[kykM+h dh lksp ls le dj fodflr dj vPNs ifj.kke çkIr fd;s tk ldrs gSaA fdlh Hkh f[kykM+h ds egku çn'kZu dks fodflr djus ds fy, vfHkçsj.kk ,oa çksRlkgu dk vf/kd egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA 'kkjhfjd fQVusl esa enn feyrh gS% [ksy ds {ks= esa etcwr vkSj fQV 'kjhj ,d larqfyr laifÙk gSA 'kjhj jpuk foKku vkSj 'kjhj foKku dk v/;;u ,d f[kykM+h dks ekuo 'kjhj ds fofHkUu 'kSyksa dh lajpukvksa vkSj dk;ksaZ dks le>us vkSj ,d fQV vkSj LoLFk 'kjhj çkIr djus esa enn djrk gS A 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk dk dk;Z {ks= O;fäRo dk laiw.kZ fodkl djuk gSA ts- ,Q- fofy;El ds vuqlkj^^ 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk O;fä dks ,d lkekU; 'kkjhfjd :i ls LoLFk] ekufld :i ls ,d lkekU; O;fä vkSj ,d lkekftd thou esa ,d lkekU; O;fä }kjk larqfyr dk;Z çnku fd;k tkrk gSA 'kjhj jpuk foKku dk Kku ?kVd] [kaM vkSj tksM+ksa dh lajpuk dks le>us vkSj le>us esa enn djrk gS] tcfd 'kjhj foKku ds fofHkUu 'kkjhfjd ds vH;kl ra= esa xgjkbZ ls mrjrk gSA [ksy foKku esa] bu fl)karksa dks vkd"kZd çf'k{k.k dk;ZØe rS;kj djus] çf'k{k.k dks jksdus vkSj çn'kZu dks vuqdwfyr djus esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA

lanHkZ xzaFk %&

1. https://admission.uod.ac.in

2. https://www.vu.edu.au

3. https://www.apsurewa.ac.in

4. https://www.nsu.ac.in

Received on 28.05.2024      Revised on 07.08.2024

Accepted on 25.09.2024   Published on 18.12.2024

Available online on December 27, 2024

Int. J. of Reviews and Res. in Social Sci.  2024; 12(4):194-196.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2687.2024.00032

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